Umm, 12 volts is just a nice round number they use for car power, if your battery was 'really' at 12 volts it would be almost dead. A good battery should be 12.6 to 12.8.
The alternator puts out 13 to 15 volts to both charge up the battery and run things.
I have a Jeep CJ7 with a big Warn winch, Hella 100W off road lights, etc and a '12 volt, 65 A' alternator charging up the largest blue top Optima deep cell battery they have. I have never had issues in 7 years of use.
Mike
86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's Canadian Off Road Trips Photos: Non members can still view! Jan/06