Over here in the US, I used to have a hobby of buying, fixing and selling a2 series golfs and jetta's with diesel engines. We only got the 1.6L's untill the 1.9 tdi's came over. Anyways it sounds like the pump is eather out of time, meaning the belt has slipped and your lucky your valves weren't bent. Or the pump has lost it's prime. The bosch pumps VW uses does not have a bearing as such on the front of the pumps where the shaft goes through so it's not repairable. However you can replace the seal that's right behind of the pulley. easy job. But first I would loosen a union or two at the injectors and crank. You should see fuel spurt out. If not crank awhile and see if it primes it's self. Last resort, get a small electric fuel pump off a petrol car and put it ahead of the filter, going into the filter. Then hook it to battery voltage and let it pump for a while. Then when you crank you should see fuel spurt out the injectors lines you've loosened. Stop cranking, tighten unions and start the car. You could have a air leak somewhere or a clogged filter. Have you checked for water? I've not had a pump under 100k miles needing the electric pump all the time but they do wonders for those that are around 300k miles.
Joe