In really cold weather, this car is producing a medium-pitched whine, with occasional harmonics, until it gets to 45mph. It stops when the car has been driven far enough to warm everything up. It's not the engine, and is entirely road-speed dependent, although it will vary in volume and pitch. My housemate has known about it for two years, but I just discovered it - I've been the one starting and driving it in really cold weather. I wish I were as oblivious as she is about this stuff.
So...carrier bearing? Wheel bearing(s)? Transmission? (no!) There is no vibration, just a whine like a truck.