Yes, but one page I read says that modern cars also continue to run longer though the oxygen is depleted.
This is mostly about people in the car, but my point is that the car will run longer than an old car maybe would because it knows how to compensate.
"The car will continue to run on what oxygen remains in the air in the garage, but by the time that theres not enough air ( oxygen) for combustion to continue, youll most likely be dead. The electronics of a modern car are designed to compensate for less than optimal conditions. It will adjust injector bandwith and timing so as to keep running. At worst ( or best, depending on how you look at it), it will just produce more carbon monoxide and Co2,, Until theres virtually no oxygen left in the garage, or until it runs out of gas. By the time your car cant run, youve been dead for a while.
People die every year from the tail pipe of the car getting plugged by snow in a snow storm, and excess exhaust gasses building up in the car. Given that a garage is a controlled environment, its almost impossible that you wouldnt die from starting your car in a garage with the door closed."