I've never been very good at predicting battery failure. But most times it will give you some hints. Like cranking real slow in the morning. But even then, giving it a full charge may rejuvenate it. For a while. You've got the advantage is that the battery is weakest when it's coldest. So if it will start the car in the morning, it's highly likely it will start it in the afternoon.
Also, if the battery has even been run down, it will shorten its life. I've lost batteries is a little as 90 days because I kept forgetting to turn the lights off.
I've also had some catastrophic failures. Car started right up on a warm summer day. After parking for three hours, the battery was completely dead and totally shot. So much for advanced warning.
For expected life, look at the warranty. Than take 80% of that.