Re: More on Top Tier gasoline

Retired VIP wrote:

> On Wed, 30 Jul 2008 18:09:05 -0400, "Mike Marlow" > wrote: > > > > >"doug" wrote in message > >news:_6ydnWYavq19Tw3VnZ2dnUVZ snipped-for-privacy@comcast.com... > >> > >>> wow, how uninformed can one person be. > >>> > >>> > >> I wonder - just how uninformed are you? The 3.8 supercharged engine uses > >> a knock sensor to vary engine operation - higher octane permits it to run > >> at full optimization. Unless you have a foot of pure lead, this results > >> in increased engine efficiency/fuel economy. > >> > > > >Yeah - I know. But - real world experience... I owned a 3.8L Supercharged > >Buick. I saw no significant difference in mileage or performance between 87 > >octane and high octane. The engine adjusts itself to the gas, and optimizes > >for what's in the tank. Granted - that will be somewhat lower for 87 octane > >than for high octane, but I never saw enough of a difference to make a > >difference. Don't know about the other poster Doug - but I'm informed. > >Beyond what the spec sheet says. > > Today's cars don't tune themselves for better performance if you put > in higher octane gas than they need. They have a default point of > operation which is usually their most economical operating tune. Only > if the fuel doesn't meet the engine's requirements does the computer > de-tune the engine. It the engine is designed to run on 87 octane > gas, the engine efficiency will be at it's best if you use 87 octane > gas. You can burn 89 or 91 octane gas in a car designed for 87 with > no drop in performance or mileage but there won't be any increase over > what 87 octane provides.

The problem with that is it is a textbook explanation that is outdated and completely ignores reality. In order to maximize fuel efficiency and performance many modern engines are programmed to run right up to the point where detonation occurs. Ideally you would have a small amount of detonation every firing of a cylinder. Detonation is not something that is black and white, it is not on or off it is dynamic and varies in degree. Modern engines are designed to hold the tune so that detonation is at a point where it maximizes performance. The knock sensor is not the only thing to respond to more than the minimum amount of detonation. The air/fuel trim can also respond due to disruption of complete combustion when detonation exceeds that point of maximum efficiency. That means slight changes in octane do make a difference. Couple that with the fact that octane is a whole lot more complicated than a single number on a pump. Add to that that the number on the pump is not as reliable as you might expect and the reality is that no one can predict the actual mileage effect of going from one brand to the next or one octane level to the next within one brand. You can read a book and have it tell you it won't make a difference but you are only fooling yourself. People who test this in a controlled manner almost always find some increase in mileage as octane increases. Often that increase is too small to pay for the extra cost. It isn't just the fuel that is an unreliable input to your comfortable formulas it is the engine itself that is unknown quantity. Lots of things in the engine also affect detonation and thus how much the engine retunes to accommodate. Even slight changes in engine temperature affect detonation. So does slight changes in the intake air temp as well as atmospheric pressure. When a low pressure system is passing thru everyone's engine is less likely to detonate. And of course Air/fuel mixture and EGR mix both raise or lower the tendency to detonate at any particular moment. And then there are slight defects like vacuum leaks and dirty injectors and dirty or poorly gapped spark plugs that all affect the engines tendency to knock. Carbon accumulation in the combustion chamber can also cause detonation. And what happens then? Well the engine detunes and that may cause more carbon accumulation. A tank of premium at that point could break what might become a slow death spiral. So you tell me you can read a book and read the mfg's specs and tell me exactly how my engine will react to tank of premium. I don't think so.

> Octane is a measurement of how hard it is to catch the fuel on fire, > not how much heat energy the fuel contains.

No it is a rating indicating how much the fuel theoretically has a tendency to detonate. As a counter example to your claim, hydrogen catches fire much easier than any gasoline component yet it has an octane rating much higher than any gasoline component. It is theoretical limit because there is no way to predict with certainty how any particular blend of fuels will work in any particular engine. Testing in an engine is still the method for determining octane even though today they can determine the exact molecular composition of the fuel. If someone really want to know how their particular vehicle responds to any particular gasoline you have to try it and see. It's true the vast majority of vehicles will see only diminishing returns for octane levels above what the manufacture recommends. But how much your engine varies from the norm can only be determined by doing controlled tests.

The heat energy will be > about the same in all grades of gas. If ethanol is used as the octane > booster then 91 octane will have slightly less heat energy since > ethanol contains about 30% less heat energy than gasoline.

Even when no ethanol is present on average higher octane fuel contains less energy than low octane. It is just in the nature of the gasoline fractions that the ones that contribute the most to detonation (for example heptane) also contain the most energy. But the energy content is for all practical purposes irrelevant. If energy content was all that was important for fuel economy then you would burn diesel in your gas engine.

-jim

> The octane requirement of an engine is determined by the engine's > compression ratio, valve timing, ignition timing, fuel/air mixture, > etc. The engine computer can control some of these in all engines but > it can only de-tune to compensate for a fuel that doesn't meet the > engine's requirements.

> A supercharged or turbocharged engine runs at an effectively higher > compression ratio under boost than it's spec sheet ratio. Boost > forces more fuel/air mixture into the engine which will raise the > effective compression ratio. So a boosted engine will almost always > require premium fuel. > > Jack

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Reply to
jim
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Actually hydrogen is not a good example to use. It has a high RON rating (research method) and a low MON rating (motor method). In an Otto Cycle engine hydrogen tends to pre-ignite and therefore acts like a low octane gasoline.

And as I said before - how you drive will have an effect as well. Someone who almost never drives at WOT is likely to see less of a difference than someone who routinely drives hard.

I was taught that higher octane gasoline had a lower energy content than regular when I was in college - 30+ years ago. However since then I have seen many credible sources saying this is not true.

From

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: "Gasoline with a higher heating value (energy content) provides better fuel economy. Traditionally, premium gasoline has had a slightly higher heating value than regular, and, thus, provides slightly better fuel economy, but it is difficult to detect in normal driving. There can be even larger differences in heating value between batches of gasoline from the same refinery, between summer and winter volatility classes, or between brands of gasoline from different refineries because of compositional differences. The differences are small and there is no practical way for the consumer to identify gasoline with a higher-than-average heating value."

Other interesting references:

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or
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It is my opinion that if your car was designed to run on regular, running premium is a waste of money. Although the engine may be able to adjust some parameters to increase performance and fuel economy, the changes will be minor. On the other hand, if your car was designed to run on premium (because of turbocharging/supercharging, a higher compression ratio, or other inherent design factors) then running regular may drastically effect your performance and fuel economy even if the PCM can adjust parameters to protect the engine from excessive pre-ignition.

Regards,

Ed White

Reply to
C. E. White

Ed, that Car Talk page is a great link. Thanks for providing it. I'm copying part of it into the newsgroup for permanent archiving.

CarTalk.com passage:

It's true that premium gas does contain special or extra detergents, but in our opinion they're of no additional benefit.

Our advice is to ignore any sales pitch about the super-special detergents that come in the premium-grade fuel.

These days, all of the gasoline from the major gas companies contain more than enough detergents to keep your engine clean. Period.

The only reason you might have a use for the extra detergents in premium, is if you have a noticeably dirty engine, and need to scrub carbon and other crud off engine components. (And, if you're doing that, we'd instead suggest that you toss in one of the many fine engine additives.)

You said "major gas companies." Is there a difference in the gas between the big names, and the El-Cheapo gasoline at my local Costco or Stupey-Mart?

There is. A number of years ago, some of the major auto manufacturers were ticked off with the deposits from gas that met EPA detergent standards. In other words, they were afraid they'd take the heat for problems, when their customer's engines clogged up from the twigs and dirt that was getting deposited on their fine handiwork.

So, they set their own guidelines, which they call "Tier 2." All of the gas from the major gas companies meets the Tier 2 standards. The gas at your local Quickie Mart probably does not. The difference? In some tests, after about 10,000 miles, there was a minor amount of crud built up on engine components that ran exclusively on Quickie-Mart gas. Do we think this is an issue? Not really. But, would we advise running your car for 100,000 miles only on Quickie-Mart gas? Not if you're concerned about the longevity of your vehicle. We recommend switching back and forth between Tier 1 and Tier 2 =97 maybe every other tank full =97 to keep your engine running clean.

Reply to
Built_Well

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