Reading the MSDS at first glance my take was that it was kerosene with a touch of butyl acetate as a strong detergent and octane improver.
Exactly. Name brand fuels are all slightly overdoped when the trucks leave the tank farm. The noname fuels are doped to the minimum requirements. If the FL DOT reports are to be believed then by using fleet gas (for the most part, some receipts named general gas station brands in a few instances) supplied by the lowest bidder, then any concentrated detergent package would clean up the fuel system and make it run better. Furthermore, domestic engines are a lot "looser" in order to accomodate the typical lax maintainence they experience.
A well maintained motor will pass almost any emissons test currently in use it's only the ill maintained beasts that benefit from a cleaning anyway. As far as Volvo's go I've had enough engines apart to know that most suffer no appreciable valve head deposits, minimal carbon build up on the pistons and as long as the owners use the recommended grade of gasoline no appreciable injector restriction. Consequently all the cleaning in the world will have very little to no effect on NOx production. There are many compounds that do indeed modify the the smoke and soot creation in diesel fuels that as a side effect reduce NOx creation by providing extra oxygen during combustion and simultaneously lowering the flame temperature. But from what I've researched no such chemistry exists for the shorter hotter burn time of gasoline combustion. The reality is that any attempt to reduce a pollutant measures at a fraction factored by 10**3 ppm would require an addition of some unknown noncataltyic reactant in approximately the same range in order to effect a reduction in the emissions produced by combustion.
4000 ppm over an unknown time slice is what I see in test results from 240s that have had the converter punched out. So if a converter's reduction section drops the results to under 1700 ppm during the same test then a 57% reduction is a big deal. To get the same result chemically by doping the gas so that the NOx emission would be reduced continuously then I expect the added cost to gasoline would be far in excess of what a converter would cost over say 100K mile lifetime.Bob