Ive got an 89 Jetta wolfy with 115K miles on it. Occasionally when the weather dips here in Memphis (low 30s-high 20s) I'll go to start it in the morning and it makes this gawd-awful clacking very similar to a rod knocking, but after the car warms for a minute or two, the clacking stops.
I considered it could be a rod, but usually a rod gets louder when you put load on the engine and this sound goes away after the car runs for a moment. It sounds too loud and obnoxious for valve tap.
My second guess would be the oil pump. Ive only ever replaced one in an old ford ranger and the pump ran off the distributor I believe. Is it a similar configuration for the Jetta?
I am just trying to some educated thoughts here.
Chris