For older 12 volt vehicles there are basically two types - those without a ballast resistor, and those with. Slight complication comes with 'sports coils' but leave that for the moment.
The plain variety just go in series with the points across 12v supply and give out approx 15-20 Kilavolts when the points open. The ballasted variety are in reallity 6v coils in series with a resistor. In normal operating mode the resistor is in series and drops 6v or so reducing the coil primary current to what it would be in a 'normal' coil, but on starting the resistor is shorted out hence boosting the spark to compensate for the low battery voltage caused by cranking the engine.
Sports coils are designed to give a higher output voltage (up to 40 Kv for a Lucas one) - they tend to have a lower primary resistance (but not always) hence draw more current and run warmer.
Gunsons flog a little plastic gizmo like a pair of dividers with two terminals that can be separated a measured amount to indicate the gap and hence approx voltage the spark can jump. You can easily tell the difference between a sports coil and a normal one using this tool.
More modern vehicles come with alll sorts of new fangled coil arrangements, some look like the 'line output' transformers in a telly (using ferrite as the core), some have one small coil per plug, and all use electronic switching rather than points.
Andrew Mawson Bromley, Kent, UK