I assume your car has wheel studs and lug nuts. Some cars use lug bolts instead (lug bolts screw into threaded holes in the hub), but I don't think this is true in your case. Over the years I've had the wheel studs fail for a several reasons. I've also had lug nuts come loose. Possible causes:
- Lug nuts improperly tightened. I was driving my Jensen Healey on an expressway when I noticed something fly off the front left of the car. A minute or so later, I noticed it again. I pulled off the road and found that two (of four) lug nuts had come off the left front wheel. I borrowed one lug nut from the rear wheel to put on the front (now had two wheels with three of four) and limped home. This car had strange aluminum lug nuts. I had recently bought new tires. I assume the shop was overly cautious when tightening the nuts. From then on I always checked the lug nuts with a torque wrench whenever a wheel was removed.
- Wheel stud twisted off because someone over tightened the lug nut. Idiots in shops with big air guns can do this.
- Wheel stud twisted off because lug nuts were cross threaded. My SO had this problem. A shop cross threaded two of five lug nuts on one wheel. They jammed and were not actually tighten all the way either. When this was noticed, we tried to remove the nuts and twisted the wheel studs off in the process of removing the jammed nuts.
- Lug nuts rusted to wheel studs. I have twisted off more than one wheel stud because the lug nuts were severely rusted in place.
- Wheel stud fatigue failure. Over the years I have had a couple of wheel studs fail for no obvious reason. One day everything looks fine, the next day the nut is gone and the wheel stud is sheared off at the wheel interface. I assume that this as a corrosion induced fatigue failure.
Wheels studs are not difficult to replace. You bang out the old stud and insert a new one in its place. Any tire store can handle this job.
Ed